Hydraulic press.



Il'. BRANDT. 'HYDRAULIC PRESS. APPLICATION FILED SELPT.14, 1906.

Patented Agg. 16, 1910.

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Pi. BRANDT. HYDRAULIU mss. APPLICATION IILBI) SBPT.14, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16,1910.

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A .J 9. 1m 2 9 'ff@ Era 7x25 P. BRANDT; yHYDRAUIJIG PRESS. APPLICATION FILED 'SEPT'. 14, 1908.

Patented Aug. 16,1910.

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PIERRE BRANDT, OF ST. PETERSBURG, RUSSIA.

HYDRAUIJC PRESS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

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Patenten anw.. le, raro.,

`Application lediSeptember 1.4, 1908. Serial No. 453,920. i

'To oZZ whom it may concern:

on the lines CMC andQD-D ot Figs. 8

Be it known that I, PIERRE BRANDT, a and 11; Fig. l2 is an axial section, similar subject of the Emperor of Russia, of 5 Oicer street, St. Petersburg, Russia, engineer and professor, have inien'ted new and useful Improvements in Hydraulic Presses, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to hydraulic and pneumatic apparatus and to packing therefor, and it has for its main object to provide improved paekings tor making as far as possible a fluid tight joint between parts having a relative to-a1idfr0 motion.

The improved packings are intended to be employed as substitutes for plunger and piston rings, stuffing boxes :for piston rods, hydraulic seals `loi' gasholdcrs and gas meters, sliding cup and other leather packings .in hydraulic and pneumatic presses and-lifts and the like. i

Notwithstanding later improvements, the

. Brahma press for high pressures (hundreds of atmospheres) with the usual type of pacle ing does not allow tor technical reasons, ot the use of solid plungers of large diameters,

while it is not advisable to use hollow plunf"Y gers of large dia .eters because owingr to the great pressures, the walls of such plungers become distorted transversely so that the plunger is liable to get jammed in the leather packed st u'tting box.

Now packings constructed according to this invention` enable hollow plungers of very' large diameters to be used with very high pressures, and they also render an.

accurate machining ot the movable parts UHIIQCCSSBIY.

The accompanying diagrammatic drawings illustrate by way of example several forms of this invention.

Figure 1 is an axial section ot a hydraulic press constructed according' to this invention; F ig. Q is a horizontal .section on the line A--A of Fig. l; Figs. 3 and 4 are axial sections through the walls of the cylinders and' plungers ot two forms of the press; Figs. 5 and 7 are axial sections of two tui" ther forms of the press; Fig. 6 is a horizontal section on the line B*B of Figs. 5 and 7; Figs. 8 and 1.1 are axial sections of the pressure distributing or regulating device; Figs. 9 and 10 are horizontal sections to Fig. 7, but on 'a largerscale.

The essence ot the invention consists in forming a [luid-tightI joint by means ot a sleeve or collar ll which rolls onv itselt (but 4*does not slide) with the motion of the parts to be jointed. 'lhis rolling collar is composed ot' an elastic and as impervious as possible material, such as :tor instance, woven fabric, covered or combined with rubber.v

Une end of this collar is attached to the tixed part (the cylinder 3, and the other end is attached to the movable part (the plunger) 4, oi the apparatus. ln most cases a sutlicicnt attachment will. be produced by fastening the collar by sticking but bolts G (Fig. 4) and washers may also be used to strengthen the attachment.

Duringthe operation ot' the apparatus the apex or top ot the collar moves away from one part and adapts :itself to the dther'part of the apparatus without sliding7 and without appreciable Jfriction, as indicated-in Figs. P and 4 in which the movable parts are drawn in their lowest positions in full lines and in their highest positions in dotted lines.

rlhc width of the annular space 2, in.

which the Yrollingr collar l works, is three to tcn limos the thickness ot the material of the collar and depends on the pliability of this material and on the amount of deformation ot' the diameters ot'theapparatus produced by the variations ot `iressiire.

The rolling collar is applicable not only to cylindrical apparatus. but also to apparatus ot jn'isniatic form. Tn the latter case as well as where there is a considerable dit? 'terence between the extreme radii of curva-` sarily be i located outside of the press cylinder, but may be arranged inside the latter (Figs. 5, 6 and 7 in' which case they pass -through the plat orxn of the press. The columns 9 are surrounded b sleeves 18 proyided on the iston 4. Ro lingcollars are sleeves 13 and the rendere possib e by employing a number of rolling collars (six), arranged in stages above oneanother whereby each collar is subjected only to a pressure equal to the dierence between'the pressures existing in thespaces situated on the two sides of the said collar," so that all the collars together take the .sum of all these differences, that Vis to say, the full working pressure of the operative pressure fluid in the cylinderI 3, which is supplied through pipe 14. The distance between the rolling collars must be such as.to' allow each collar to stretch y or roll toits full extent alon the surface of the-cylinder and piston wit out overlappinglthe next collar situated above it.

T e pressure is distributed uniformly to the chambers 21, 22, 23 by means of the ressure-distributers 15 (Figs. 8, 9, 10). ressure regulators 16 (Figs. 9, 10, 11- are provided for thev purpose of preventing ir- `'regular deformations of fthe 'rolling collars 1.

The chambers 21,- 22 '(around, thecolumns 9) -are connected with the chambers, 21, 22 by means of small pipes 17, and the chambers 21, 22 with the pressure distributers 15 and pressure regulators 16 -bymeans of pipe 18. Tubular connectors 19 are -provided for the attachment theretovof pressure manometers that allow to control the operation of the apparatus The pressure distributers and the pressure regulators consist of a number of valve cas- -ings 27 arranged above-one another containing valve 30, 31 acted upon by springs 28, 29, with adjusting screw disks 32. The latter have holes 33 for engagement with a Spanner and for passage of the pressure iuid.

The valves 30 of the ressure distributer open upward and the va ves 31 of the pressure regulator open downwardly, but this is not essential.'

The connecting pipes 18, 19 arc inserted in the nipples 311 and the several casings 27 are screwed up t0gethei"..eacli forming a `unit 15 or '16, by means of sleeves 35, which also serve for connecting the device to the supplypipe and the like. Y

By reference to .F lgs. 7, 8 and 11.it will being pressed upwardly. The pressure fiuid.

thereby enters the lowest valveI casing of the distributer and from there it is conveyed through pipe 18 into'thetchambers superposed to chambers 21, 21. Sinniltaneously pressure fluid flows tronrthe lowest distributer casing into the second regulator casing, and it may be seen that the Huid in the second regulator Casin@ 36 will 'fonce open the subjacent casing when the pressure in the second casing exceeds a certain limit. By the afore described connections and valves the pressure iluid is successively admittedinto the superposed chambers in the vinterspace-between piston' and cylinder, the

v'alves ofthe distributer being actuated, when the expansion of the rolling packing has reached` its limit. The valves of the regulator 'are actuated by overpressure 1n fonelof thedr'stributmg valves and therefore .hold the pressure uniform in all of said chambers.

It is obvious that it is of advantage to have comparatively strong springs in the distributer, so-that .the packing tubin be strained to itslimit of safet and that o n the contrary it will be of a vantage to have weaker springs in the regulator. The `regulator will then enter into operatlon nnmediately when the pressure in one chaniber is `higher than the pressure in another one.

From.' the foregoing it is clear that. it a limit is to be placed on thelncssurcs that, cany be employed in apparatus constructed according to this invention, such limit is determined notby the number of chambers (rolling collars) arranged above another, but by the-.strength of the metals and the speed of diffusion ofthe liquids and gases. In the construction shown in Figs. 5 to T, the vertical piston walls l arc sul'ijectcd to pressure stresses and theI packing collars l arev subjected to tensile stresses,- both kinds of stresses depending on the working pres'- sure and on the width o't' the space 2, but being si; small that the `said walls may be built up of separate rings which can be made cheaper and more 'accurately and which require merely a light coitiwctiou in the vertical sense. These rings are made with mu tually overlapping flanges and arc'made tight at the joints with cement and rubber covered strips. A t'urther vmethod of coin necting these rings together consists in providing the vertical walls with internal flanges 40 (Fig. 4) which are fastened tofr may gether tightly by means of bolts L,13,and interposed annular disks 41, and rubber packings tft2.

Then it is desired that `the platform 5 shall not rise beyond a determined Level, (Fig. 4) are provided at a special valves v corrt-asl'mndlng level. rlhese have conical plugs 4st, which are held against their seats by means oi? eccentric rods 45, acted upon by springs. So ,long as 4the valves remain inside thepress cylinder, they will be pressed against their seats by the rolling collarl. It' the piston i rises higher, the valves lift are opened by the internal pressure in opposition to the action of the springs 46 (which may bc of the spiral or ofthe leaf type).

For the sake ot' clearness the figures do not serving the behavior ofliquids and gases under high constant orvarymg pressures, to compressors tor use with guns for storing the energy of recoil in shooting etc. v

,1, This system is suitable for working with ordinary towns water service and will produce considerable pressure from this source alone. Its cheapness will enable it to be adopted by every village blacksmith ,and small agriculturist, It will satisfy all the requirements of every business, and will pro vide ample pressure for every forging press however powerful.`

titl- 1 claiml. In a hydraulic or pneumatic machine the combination with a cylinder, of a piston freely slidable in said cylinder, a' plurality 'of superposcd rolling packing tubings in the interspace between said cylinder and said piston, and mcans for distributing hydraulic pressure successively' inthe chambers formed by said packing tubings, said cylindcrand said piston.

:2. ln a hydraulic or pneumatic'machine the combination with a cylinder, of a piston freely slidable in said cylinder, a plurality ot' super-posed rolling packing tnbings in the inici-sparc between said cylinder and said piston. means for distrilniting` hydraulic n'essnrc successively in the chambers formed y said packing tubings, said Acylinders and said pistons, and means in co-action with the tirst named means for regulatingl the pressures in said chambers.

the combination with a cylinder, of a piston `freely slidable in said cylinder, a plurality of superposed rolling packing tubings'in the intel-space between said cylinder and said piston, and adjustable means for distributing hydraulic pressure, successively in the chambers formed by said packing tubings, said cylinder and said piston. f

4. In a hydraulic or pneumatic machine the combination with a cylinder, of a piston freely slidable within said cylinder, a plurality of superposed rolling packing tubings in the intel-spaces between said cylinder and said piston, means for distributing hydraulic pressure successively 4in thechambers formed by said packing tubings, lsaid cylinder and said piston, and adjustable-1neans'in coaction with said first named means-tor regie lating the pressures in said chambers.

j 5. In a hydraulic or pneumatic. machine the combination, with a cylinder, oi a piston comprising a plurality of superposed portions; rolling packing tnbingsbctwcen each of said portions and said cylinder and means for distributing hydraulic pressure successively inthe interspaces between said superposed portions and said cylinders.

6. In ,a hydraulic or pneumatic machine the combination with a cylinder, oi a piston `comprising a plurality ot' superposed portions, rolling packing tnbings between each of said portions and said cylinder, means Jfor distributing hydraulic pressure successively in the interspaccs between said portions and said cylinder and means for regulating the. pressure therein.

7. In a hydraulic or pneumatic machine `the combination, with a cylinder, ot a piston comprising a plurality ol snpcrposcd portions, rolling packing tubes between each ot' said'portions and said cylinder means for distributing hydraulic pressure successively in the intel-spaces between said portions and said cylinder said means being adapted to be actuated, when the pressure in one inter- Space exceeds a certain limit. y

8. In ahy-dranlic or pneumatic machine the combination. with a cylindeigot a piston comprising a1 plurality of sapevi-posed portions, rolling packing tubes between each oi said portions and said cylinder. a plurality of superposcd asings, each ot' said casings being" provided with a valve and being` com nected with an intel-space :bein-'ecn one of said portions and said cylinder, resilient members within said casings, each ot' said members being adapted to admit tiuid into the respective casing, when the pressure in thc -asing below exceeds a certain limit.

9. In a hydraulic or pneumatic machine the combination with a cylinder, of a piston shdable 1n sind cylinder and comprising a llt) plurality of' superposed' portions, rollin i and said eylinderya plurality of superposed casings, each of said easings being provided with a valve and being connected With an interspace between one of said .portions and said cylinder and being-adapted to be opened l when the pressure in the respective subjecent casing exceeds a certain limit, a second plurality of superposed easings, each of said Casin/gs being conneeted'with one of the iirst g named casings and being adapted bo 'trans-y packing tubes between each of said portions mit uid into the respeetive subj acent casing, when the pressure in the res ective first named casingv exceeds a certain imit.

In testimony Whereofl affix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

PIERRE BRANDT.V

Witnesses H. A. LOVIAGHINE, M. SKRzYPKowsKI. 

